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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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Antibody-mediated central nervous system diseases.

Maria Pia Giannoccaro1,2, Sarah J Crisp3,4, Angela Vincent1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Brain and Neuroscience Advances
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Antibody-mediated central nervous system diseases, though rare, are increasingly recognized. Immunotherapies can reverse these conditions by targeting harmful antibodies, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AutoantibodyCASPR2LGI1NMDA receptorautoimmune encephalitisneurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Antibody-mediated central nervous system (CNS) diseases challenge the traditional view of the blood-brain barrier.
  • These conditions involve antibodies targeting neuronal surface proteins like neurotransmitter receptors and ion channel-associated proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing impact and diagnostic significance of antibody-mediated CNS diseases.
  • To underscore the potential for immunotherapy in treating these disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of antibody targets in CNS diseases.
  • Analysis of clinical implications and diagnostic considerations.

Main Results:

  • Antibodies primarily target synaptic and neuronal surface proteins, including NMDA and glycine receptors.
  • These autoimmune disorders are often reversible with immunotherapy aimed at reducing antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody-mediated CNS diseases are an emerging diagnostic consideration for various neurological presentations.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate disease etiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and recovery processes.