Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

433
In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
433
Sample Handling01:02

Sample Handling

1.2K
Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...
1.2K
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

902
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
902
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

843
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
843
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

318
Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
318
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

925
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
925

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tonal modulation influences on musical sight-reading.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study.

Developmental science·2024
Same author

Towards mechanistic investigations of numerical and music cognition.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2024
Same author

What we don't know about what babies know: Reconsidering psychophysics, exploration, and infant behavior.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2024
Same author

Auditory influences on walking: Children's walking to the beat.

Developmental psychology·2023
Same author

Rhythm contour drives musical memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2023
Same journal

Low prevalence targets are primarily missed due to mind wandering.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

An introduction to the special issue celebrating Mary A. Peterson.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Properties of the threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) measure of visual search efficiency.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Auditory selective attention in depth: Investigating directional dependency across front, lateral, and rear spaces.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Dissociations between stereoacuity and visual acuity with binocular night vision goggles.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Reward-based prioritization and perceptual feature effects on attentional flexibility in working memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.3K

Aggregate context effects in music processing.

Mark A Schmuckler1, Dominique T Vuvan2, Olivia Podolak Lewandowska3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada. mark.schmuckler@utoronto.ca.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers must consider aggregate stimulus properties, not just individual ones, to avoid unintended influences in experimental design. Uncontrolled aggregate properties can emerge, affecting results even when individual stimuli are carefully controlled.

Keywords:
Music perceptionMusical memoryPiano performanceTonality

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
11:15

fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals

Published on: May 23, 2017

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.3K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
11:15

fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals

Published on: May 23, 2017

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Experimental Design
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Experimental design typically focuses on controlling local stimulus properties.
  • Aggregate stimulus properties, emergent from the entire set, are often overlooked.
  • These aggregate properties can introduce unintended confounds in research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emergent properties within stimulus sets.
  • To demonstrate how aggregate properties can influence perception and memory.
  • To highlight the importance of considering stimulus sets holistically.

Main Methods:

  • Case Study 1: Examined emergent properties of piano tone pairs.
  • Case Study 2: Analyzed emergent properties in short, atonal melodies for perception/memory tasks.
  • Stimuli were designed to be musically atonal but were analyzed for emergent tonal influences.

Main Results:

  • Both stimulus sets exhibited identifiable tonal influences.
  • These influences emerged despite explicit efforts to create atonal stimuli.
  • Aggregate properties created unintended musicality within the stimulus sets.

Conclusions:

  • Researchers must monitor aggregate stimulus properties in experimental design.
  • Failure to control aggregate properties can lead to misinterpretation of psychological findings.
  • Holistic evaluation of stimulus sets is crucial for robust experimental outcomes.