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Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is repurposed from hematological treatments for autoimmune diseases.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of AHSCT for aggressive multiple sclerosis.
  • To examine treatment protocols, pathological data, and economic aspects of AHSCT.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies on AHSCT published between 2014 and August 2019.
  • Inclusion criteria: English language, >5 patients, prospective or retrospective studies.
  • Searches conducted on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Main Results:

  • AHSCT demonstrates long-term suppression of inflammatory activity in MS.
  • Stabilization or improvement of disability is achievable in a high proportion of selected patients.
  • Reduced procedure risks and insights from advanced outcome measures like brain atrophy and biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • AHSCT is a viable option for aggressive MS, with decreased risks and improved efficacy compared to conventional treatments.
  • Patient selection and transplant center expertise are crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Further trials are needed to compare AHSCT with current disease-modifying therapies.