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Related Concept Videos

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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[Update Osteoarthritis].

Thomas Hügle1

  • 1Service de rhumatologie, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment is complex due to varied patient phenotypes. Emerging therapies like growth factors and anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) show promise for pain and structural progression in OA management.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Orthopedics
  • Biomedical Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease with diverse phenotypes, driven by mechanical, metabolic, and extrinsic factors.
  • Current OA treatments face challenges, with anti-interleukin-1 therapies showing limited efficacy in hand and knee OA, although some patient groups may benefit regarding joint replacement reduction.
  • Existing treatments like corticosteroids offer pain relief, and methotrexate has demonstrated potential in reducing structural progression in hand OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements and therapeutic strategies for managing osteoarthritis (OA), addressing its complex nature and varied patient responses.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic agents targeting pain, structural progression, and biomechanical impairment in OA.
  • To highlight promising future directions in OA treatment, including growth factors and biologics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and scientific literature on osteoarthritis treatments.
  • Analysis of data on anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, methotrexate, growth factors (sprifermin, kartogenin), and anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) molecules (tanezumab).
  • Assessment of treatment outcomes related to pain reduction, structural joint changes, and biomechanical function.

Main Results:

  • Anti-interleukin-1 therapies demonstrated limited overall efficacy but suggested potential benefits in reducing joint replacement in specific patient populations.
  • Corticosteroids effectively reduced pain, while methotrexate showed efficacy in mitigating structural progression in hand OA.
  • Growth factors like sprifermin and kartogenin show promise for mechanical knee OA by promoting chondrocyte differentiation.
  • New data on the joint safety of subcutaneously administered anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) molecule tanezumab are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoarthritis treatment requires a multifaceted approach addressing pain, structural integrity, and biomechanical function.
  • Novel therapeutic agents, including growth factors and anti-NGF therapies, represent promising avenues for future OA management.
  • Personalized treatment strategies considering OA phenotypes are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.