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Related Concept Videos

The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
315
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

416
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Observational Learning01:12

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Making Sense of the World: Infant Learning From a Predictive Processing Perspective.

Moritz Köster1,2,3, Ezgi Kayhan1,4, Miriam Langeloh1,5

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The predictive-processing framework offers a new way to understand infant learning and development. This approach unifies insights into how babies learn through exploration and interaction with their environment.

Keywords:
cognitioninfant developmentneuroscienceperceptionsocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Infancy is a critical period of exploration and learning.
  • The predictive-processing framework is a leading theory of brain function.
  • This framework has been underutilized in infancy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of the predictive-processing framework to infant development.
  • To provide a unifying perspective on infant learning phenomena.
  • To advance theory, research, and application in infant learning.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and theoretical integration.
  • Review of existing infant research through the lens of predictive processing.
  • Discussion of implications for future research and applications.

Main Results:

  • The predictive-processing framework can unify diverse infant learning phenomena.
  • It offers a new perspective on statistical learning, motor control, and social understanding in infants.
  • This framework highlights the brain's role in predicting sensory and action-related information.

Conclusions:

  • Applying predictive processing to infancy research offers significant theoretical and practical advancements.
  • It provides a cohesive model for understanding how infants learn about their world.
  • Future research can leverage this framework to better support infant development and learning.