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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

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Bovine Bone Promotes Osseous Protection via Osteoclast Activation.

Y Klein1,2,3, S Shani-Kdoshim2, A Maimon4

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bovine bone (BB) significantly enhances bone regeneration by activating osteoclasts, promoting long-term bone remodeling and maturation. This biological activity aids in the healing of osseous defects.

Keywords:
bone regenerationbone remodelinggene expressionhistological healingosteoclastogenesistissue healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Bone regeneration is crucial for treating osseous defects.
  • Bovine bone (BB) is a commonly used bone graft material.
  • Understanding the long-term biological mechanisms of BB is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term biological mechanisms of bone regeneration using bovine bone (BB).
  • To elucidate the role of osteoclasts in BB-mediated bone healing.
  • To compare bone regeneration in BB-filled versus unfilled extraction sockets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse alveolar regeneration bone model with BB-filled and unfilled sockets.
  • Histological analysis (H&E, TRAP staining) and RNA sequencing were performed.
  • Osteoclast inhibition using zoledronic acid (ZA) was assessed via micro-CT and qPCR.

Main Results:

  • Both BB-filled and unfilled sockets showed histological and radiological bone healing.
  • BB-regenerated bone exhibited robust gene expression related to bone homeostasis and osteoclast function.
  • Osteoclast inhibition significantly reduced bone formation and resorption markers in BB-treated defects more than in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Bovine bone (BB) possesses long-term biological activity promoting bone regeneration.
  • BB activates osteoclasts, which are key mediators of osseous remodeling and maturation.
  • BB enhances bone healing through sustained biological mechanisms involving osteoclast activity.