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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Color in Coordination Complexes
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Halide Double Perovskite Ferroelectrics.

Weichuan Zhang1,2, Maochun Hong1, Junhua Luo1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first halide double perovskite ferroelectric material, (n-propylammonium)₂CsAgBiBr₇, offering a stable, lead-free alternative for optoelectronics. This new ferroelectric shows excellent performance in photodetectors.

Keywords:
bismuthferroelectricsmaterials scienceperovskitessemiconductors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Halide double perovskites are promising environmentally friendly optoelectronic materials due to their stability and defect tolerance.
  • No ferroelectric material based on halide double perovskites has been previously discovered.
  • Lead-free optoelectronic materials are highly sought after as alternatives to lead-containing systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize the first halide double perovskite ferroelectric material.
  • To investigate the ferroelectric properties of the newly discovered material.
  • To evaluate the performance of devices based on this material for optoelectronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Hetero-substitution of lead and cation intercalation of n-propylamine were employed.
  • Synthesis of (n-propylammonium)₂CsAgBiBr₇ (1).
  • Characterization of ferroelectricity and performance evaluation in single-crystal photodetectors.

Main Results:

  • The first halide double perovskite ferroelectric, (n-propylammonium)₂CsAgBiBr₇ (1), was successfully synthesized.
  • The material exhibits distinct ferroelectricity with a saturation polarization of approximately 1.5 μC/cm².
  • Single-crystal photodetectors made from material 1 demonstrated high on/off ratios (~10⁴), fast response times (141 μs), and high detectivity (5.3×10¹¹ Jones).

Conclusions:

  • This discovery introduces a new class of perovskite ferroelectrics.
  • The developed material offers a stable and lead-free option for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
  • This work provides a viable strategy for designing novel perovskite ferroelectric materials.