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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Kinetic model of two-monomer polymerization.

Anna C Nelson1, James P Keener2, Aaron L Fogelson2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, 155 South 1400 East, Room 233, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0090, USA.

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|March 15, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a kinetic gelation model for polymer growth using two distinct monomer types and reaction pathways. Researchers identified conditions for finite-time gelation, crucial for understanding polymer formation dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polymerization processes involve monomers forming larger chains.
  • Understanding gelation is key to controlling polymer properties.
  • Modeling complex polymerization with multiple monomer types is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a kinetic gelation model for polymer growth involving two distinct monomer types.
  • To analyze polymerization scenarios with different reaction types between monomers.
  • To determine conditions leading to finite-time gelation (infinite-size oligomer formation).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a moment generating function approach to model heterotypic aggregation.
  • Tracked the temporal evolution of a closed system of moment equations.
  • Investigated various polymerization scenarios with differing monomer functionalities and reaction types.

Main Results:

  • Developed a kinetic gelation model for two-monomer systems with distinct functionalities.
  • Identified numerical and analytical conditions for finite-time blow-up.
  • Showed that gelation conditions depend on initial concentrations, reaction rates, and monomer functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model provides a framework for studying complex polymer growth kinetics.
  • Finite-time gelation is achievable under specific conditions related to monomer properties and reaction kinetics.
  • This work offers insights into controlling polymer network formation.