Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

1.0K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.0K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

6.6K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
6.6K
Bacterial Cell Wall01:22

Bacterial Cell Wall

1.8K
The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
1.8K
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

1.6K
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
1.6K
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

226
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
226
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

12.8K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acute Brain Injury in New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus and Etiology-Defined Status Epilepticus.

JAMA neurology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Butyl toluidine blue O for inactivation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm.

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·2026
Same author

Butyl toluidine blue as a photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on titanium-associated biofilms.

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology·2025
Same author

Effect of butyl toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on periodontal healing in Type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized clinical trial.

Journal of dentistry·2025
Same author

Adjunctive methylene blue-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the re-instrumentation of residual periodontal pockets in individuals with down syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Journal of dentistry·2025
Same author

Photosensitizers as potential culprits for compensatory benefits of aPDT in the treatment of peri-implantitis: Unraveling the fundamental knowledge and bounded clinical applications of the aPDT.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2025
Same journal

Correction: Coulter et al. OrgTRx: A Platform Developed in Queensland for the Extraction and Visualisation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Data for the Surveillance of Resistance in Microorganisms. <i>Antibiotics</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 63.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Clinical Outcomes and Safety Profile of Vancomycin in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Services: A Systematic Review.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Ciprofloxacin-Based Ionic Liquids Increase Mutation Frequency in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Bacteriophages as Potential Sustainable Alternatives to Antibiotics for Controlling <i>Salmonella</i> in the Poultry Value Chain.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Inhibition of Quorum Sensing-Controlled Virulence Factors and Biofilm in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by <i>Piper</i> Species.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Use in the Community: Behavioural, Contextual, and System-Level Determinants.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries
09:39

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries

Published on: December 27, 2016

18.4K

A New Penicillin?

Mark Wainwright1

  • 1School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat. New photoantimicrobial protocols offer a promising approach to combat resistant microbes and protect existing drugs.

Keywords:
antimicrobial drug resistanceinfection controlinfectious disease prophylaxismethylene bluephotoantimicrobialphotodecolonisation

More Related Videos

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction
04:25

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

Published on: February 24, 2014

46.4K
Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
11:56

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Published on: May 4, 2018

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries
09:39

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries

Published on: December 27, 2016

18.4K
Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction
04:25

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

Published on: February 24, 2014

46.4K
Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
11:56

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Published on: May 4, 2018

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Photomedicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Conventional antimicrobial drug supplies are limited and unreliable.
  • There is an urgent need for alternative strategies to combat microbial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore alternative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antimicrobial drugs.
  • To investigate the potential of photoantimicrobials as a complementary approach.
  • To develop reliable protocols for infectious disease prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of reliable and safe protocols for photoantimicrobial use.
  • Evaluation of photoantimicrobial efficacy against a broad range of microbial targets.

Main Results:

  • Photoantimicrobial protocols have been successfully developed.
  • These protocols demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage.
  • The approach offers a viable alternative or supplement to conventional treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Photoantimicrobials represent a promising avenue for addressing antimicrobial resistance.
  • They can be used in conjunction with existing drugs to preserve their efficacy.
  • This technology offers potential for both treatment and prophylaxis of microbial infections.