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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Published on: September 22, 2023

Robotic Foregut Surgery.

Tanuja Damani¹, Garth Ballantyne²

¹NYU Langone Health, 530 First Avenue, HCC Building, Suite 6C, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|March 15, 2020

Summary

Robotic surgery offers comparable outcomes to traditional methods for benign esophageal conditions like achalasia. It shows promise in reducing complications during Heller myotomy and improving results in complex reoperative foregut surgery.

Keywords:

Achalasia Antireflux surgery Fundoplication Gastroesophageal reflux Heller myotomy Hiatal hernia Robotic surgery

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Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Minimally Invasive Surgery
Gastrointestinal Surgery
Robotic Surgical Systems

Background:

Benign esophageal diseases, including achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux, paraesophageal hernias, epiphrenic diverticula, and benign esophageal masses, often require surgical intervention.
Traditional and minimally invasive surgical techniques have been employed, with ongoing evaluation of advanced platforms like robotics.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the application and outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery for various benign esophageal conditions.
To compare robotic Heller myotomy with laparoscopic approaches.
To evaluate the role of robotic platforms in primary antireflux surgery and complex reoperative foregut surgery.

Main Methods:

Review and description of robotic-assisted surgical procedures for benign esophageal diseases.
Comparative analysis of robotic Heller myotomy versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy.
Evaluation of robotic surgery in primary antireflux procedures and reoperative foregut surgery.

Main Results:

Robotic Heller myotomy demonstrates comparable operative times, dysphagia relief, and conversion rates to laparoscopy, with a lower incidence of intraoperative esophageal perforation.
Robotic primary antireflux surgery is under evaluation due to longer operative times and higher costs, with no observed differences in postoperative outcomes or hospital stay.
Robotic surgery in complex reoperative foregut surgery shows benefits including decreased conversion rates, lower readmission rates, and improved functional outcomes.

Conclusions:

Robotic-assisted surgery is a viable option for benign esophageal conditions, offering specific advantages in Heller myotomy and complex reoperative procedures.
Further evaluation is needed for robotic primary antireflux surgery to ascertain its cost-effectiveness and benefits.
Robotic platforms enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes in challenging esophageal reconstructions.