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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Are Blood Products Routinely Required in Pediatric Heart Surgery?

Hideyuki Kato1, Kyrylo Chasovskyi2,3, Sanjiv K Gandhi1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Pediatric Cardiology
|March 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A restrictive blood transfusion strategy is feasible in pediatric cardiac surgery. Most children over 8.5 kg required no blood products, and smaller children needed minimal transfusions.

Keywords:
Blood conservationBlood transfusionCardiopulmonary bypassCongenital heart diseaseCongenital heart surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Restrictive blood transfusion strategies are common in adult cardiac surgery.
  • Their application and safety in pediatric cardiac surgery remain under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a restrictive blood transfusion strategy in pediatric open-heart surgery.
  • To identify predictors for blood product requirements in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 352 pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery (excluding ECMO).
  • Analysis of patient demographics, perioperative blood product usage, and clinical outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis to identify variables predicting transfusion needs.

Main Results:

  • 148 patients (42%) had bloodless surgery; 204 (58%) received transfusions.
  • Patient weight and preoperative hematocrit predicted the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit prime.
  • A body weight of 8.5 kg was a key threshold; patients < 8.5 kg required minimal additional transfusions.
  • Redo surgery and highest lactate level on CPB were associated with increased transfusion requirements.

Conclusions:

  • A restrictive transfusion strategy can be safely implemented in pediatric cardiac surgery.
  • Body weight is a significant factor in determining transfusion needs.
  • This approach minimizes blood product usage in pediatric cardiac procedures.