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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Persistent chikungunya arthritis in Roraima, Brazil.

Ramão Luciano Nogueira Hayd1, Maony Rodrigues Moreno1, Felipe Naveca2

  • 1Laboratorio de Parasitologia e Vetores da Amazonia, Curso de Enfermagem, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil.

Clinical Rheumatology
|March 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes moderate, persistent arthritis, comparable to rheumatoid arthritis, significantly impacting quality of life due to pain. This rheumatologic impact is a concern in the Americas.

Keywords:
Amazon regionChikungunyaRheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The Amazon region of Brazil faced a significant East Central South African (ECSA) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic in 2017, with ongoing transmission.
  • The long-term effects of chronic arthritis resulting from ECSA CHIKV infection remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the duration, severity, and features of CHIKV-induced arthritis in Roraima, Brazil.
  • To compare CHIKV arthritis with local controls to understand the chronic rheumatologic sequelae of ECSA CHIKV infection.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study compared 40 patients with chronic CHIKV arthritis (>3 months) to 40 CHIKV-exposed controls without chronic arthritis.
  • Additional control groups included 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy individuals without CHIKV exposure or arthritis.

Main Results:

  • Over two years post-infection, patients reported moderate arthritis severity, similar to rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Decreased quality of life due to pain was the most significant reported impact.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic arthritis stemming from ECSA CHIKV infection has a moderate impact in the Americas.
  • The ECSA strain of CHIKV is identified as a cause of persistent arthritis in Roraima, Brazil.