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Chromosomal aberration dynamics through the cell cycle.

Mònica Pujol-Canadell1, Roser Puig2, Gemma Armengol2

  • 1Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Radiobiology and Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08098, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

DNA Repair
|March 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks lead to chromosomal aberrations. Incomplete chromosome elements (ICE) repair slowly and are eliminated, while dicentrics form rapidly and persist through the cell cycle.

Keywords:
PantelomerePantelomere FISH detectionPremature chromosome condensationRadiation-induced chromosomal aberrations

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Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • DNA double-strand breaks are critical in forming chromosomal aberrations.
  • The kinetics of aberration formation are known, but repair dynamics remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations.
  • To analyze the repair and cell cycle progression of different aberration types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diverse cytogenetic techniques.
  • Analyzed cells in G0, G2, and M phases.
  • Studied incomplete chromosome elements (ICE) and dicentrics.

Main Results:

  • In G0, ICE repair is slow; unrepaired fragments undergo cell death or checkpoint arrest.
  • Complete aberrations like dicentrics form rapidly and are not negatively selected through the cell cycle.
  • ICE are strongly selected against from G2 to M phase, independent of the G2/M checkpoint.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosome aberrations exhibit distinct repair and selection dynamics.
  • ICE are eliminated during G2-M progression, suggesting robust negative selection mechanisms.
  • Dicentric aberrations are stable and propagate through the cell cycle.