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Eimeria tenella: immunological diversity between asexual generations.

V McDonald1, M H Wisher, M E Rose

  • 1Houghton Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Cambridgeshire, UK.

Parasite Immunology
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Attenuated Eimeria tenella (WIS-F-96) primes chickens for immunity against sporozoites but not later developmental stages. This suggests distinct immune responses to different Eimeria tenella life cycle stages.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eimeria tenella is a significant poultry pathogen.
  • The parasite exhibits multiple asexual reproductive cycles (schizogony) within the host.
  • Understanding immune responses to different parasite stages is crucial for vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune response in chickens immunized with an attenuated Eimeria tenella strain (WIS-F-96).
  • To determine if immunity is stage-specific against different developmental stages of Eimeria tenella (WIS).

Main Methods:

  • Chickens were immunized with the attenuated WIS-F-96 strain.
  • Immunized chickens were challenged orally with sporulated oocysts of the virulent WIS strain.
  • A subset of immunized chickens was challenged intracaecally with second-generation merozoites of the WIS strain.

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  • Histological examination of host tissues was performed to assess parasite development and immune infiltration.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunization with WIS-F-96 conferred high resistance to oral challenge with WIS oocysts, with immunity directed against sporozoites.
    • Immunity was less pronounced when challenge involved intracaecal inoculation of second-generation merozoites.
    • Histological data showed normal development of merozoites in WIS-F-96-primed chickens, indicating a lack of strong protective immunity against this stage.

    Conclusions:

    • The attenuated strain WIS-F-96 elicits an immune response primarily targeting the sporozoite stage of Eimeria tenella.
    • There is immunological diversity between the first-generation sporozoites/merozoites and second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella WIS.
    • These findings suggest that effective Eimeria tenella vaccines may need to target multiple parasite life cycle stages.