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Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
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Circulating Factors in Trauma Plasma Activate Specific Human Immune Cell Subsets.

Laura A Cahill1, Fei Guo1, Jennifer Nguyen1

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, 02115, United States.

Injury
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Summary

Trauma plasma alters immune cells, expanding specific NK and CD8+ T cell subsets. These findings reveal key immune responses to injury, aiding therapeutic target discovery for acute trauma.

Keywords:
CyTOFImmunologyInjuryMass cytometryNatural killer cellsTrauma plasma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trauma Research
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Trauma triggers release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and mediators, disrupting immune homeostasis.
  • These disruptions can lead to severe complications like infections and sepsis.
  • Understanding trauma-induced immune alterations is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize how trauma plasma affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation.
  • To investigate the kinetics and nature of trauma-induced circulating factors on human immune cells.
  • To gain insights into immune cell responses for potential therapeutic development in acute trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were cultured with healthy or trauma plasma (1-day or 3-day post-trauma).
  • Time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used with a comprehensive antibody panel for immunophenotyping.
  • Multiplex (Luminex) assays measured cytokine levels in plasma samples.

Main Results:

  • Day 1 trauma plasma induced acute expansion of CD11c+ NK cells and CD73+/CCR7+ CD8 T cell subpopulations.
  • Trauma plasma caused a phenotypic shift in CD4+ T cells towards CD38+/CCR7+ expression, without expansion.
  • Elevated IL-1RA, IL-6, and IL-15 levels were detected in day 1 trauma plasma.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating factors in trauma plasma induce significant phenotypic changes in normal human immune cell subsets.
  • CD11c+ NK cells expanded in response to trauma plasma, similar to their response to DAMPs and LPS.
  • The study identifies specific NK and CD8+ T cell subset changes in response to trauma plasma, highlighting their role in acute traumatic injury.