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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Storage01:23

Storage

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Linking individual differences in semantic cognition to white matter microstructure.

Julián Marino Dávolos1, Juan Cruz Arias2, Elizabeth Jefferies1

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Semantic cognition relies on brain networks for retrieving information and suppressing irrelevant details. This study links white matter integrity in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus to better semantic control, especially for weak associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Semantic cognition involves integrating conceptual information with executive control processes.
  • Semantic control is crucial for focusing on relevant information and inhibiting irrelevant associations.
  • Task demands on semantic control increase with weaker word associations and incongruent semantic-affective information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individual differences in semantic control and white matter microstructure.
  • To examine the roles of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in semantic control.
  • To complement existing research on functional connectivity by exploring microstructural integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-two volunteers performed a semantic decision task with manipulated association strength and semantic-affective congruence.
  • Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) was used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter tracts.
  • Repeated-measures analysis of covariance assessed interactions between semantic control markers and FA.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data showed an interaction between semantic-affective congruence and association strength, indicating their combined effect on semantic control demands.
  • Higher FA in the left ILF correlated with more efficient retrieval of weak associations and better performance with incongruent semantic-affective information.
  • Higher FA in the right IFOF correlated with better accuracy when semantic control demands were low (congruent trials).

Conclusions:

  • Semantic control processes appear to be strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere, particularly supported by the left ILF.
  • The right IFOF may support more automatic semantic retrieval processes, potentially involving long-range connections from visual regions.
  • White matter microstructure, specifically FA in tracts like the ILF and IFOF, is a significant neural correlate of individual differences in semantic control.