Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A test of Magill's closed-to-open continuum for skill development.

Perceptual and motor skills·1993
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Does transfer of training help children learn juggling?

R M Hautala1

  • 1School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182-0216.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Learning juggling with beanbags before practicing with balls significantly improved 5th graders' scores. More time-on-task during practice also boosted juggling performance, highlighting effective learning sequences.

Area of Science:

  • Motor Skill Acquisition
  • Educational Psychology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding effective learning sequences is crucial for skill acquisition in children.
  • Optimizing practice schedules can enhance motor skill development and performance.
  • Previous research has explored transfer of training but varied learning sequences requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of four distinct learning sequences for teaching juggling to 5th-grade students.
  • To analyze how different practice materials (scarves, weighted scarves, beanbags, balls) and time-on-task influence juggling skill development.
  • To determine the optimal practice strategy for maximizing juggling performance and facilitating transfer of training.

Main Methods:

More Related Videos

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
05:12

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

  • Fifth-grade students participated in a 3-week juggling practice period.
  • Four different learning sequences were implemented, varying practice materials and schedules.
  • Learners' time-on-task was a key variable across different practice conditions.
  • Juggling performance was assessed using standardized scoring methods.

    • Main Results:

    • The learning sequence involving exclusive beanbag practice before ball practice yielded significantly higher juggling scores.
    • All groups demonstrated some degree of transfer of training, indicating skill generalization.
    • Students' time-on-task during practice was identified as a strong predictor of final juggling performance.
    • Variations in practice schedules and task elements influenced learning outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Practicing with beanbags prior to using balls is an effective strategy for improving juggling skills in children.
    • Maximizing students' time-on-task during practice is essential for enhancing motor skill acquisition.
    • The findings provide valuable insights into designing effective motor skill learning programs for elementary students.
    • Further research could explore the long-term retention and transferability of skills learned through these varied sequences.