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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Longitudinal neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm twins.

Rhandi Christensen1, Vann Chau1, Anne Synnes2

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Environmental factors, not genetics, significantly influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm twins. Despite initial differences, discordant twins show improved outcomes over time, highlighting the impact of interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants are multifactorial.
  • Genetic and environmental influences on long-term outcomes in preterm twins require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine genetic and environmental influences on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm twins.
  • To assess long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories in monozygotic and dizygotic preterm twins.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort of 225 preterm neonates was studied, including 24 monozygotic and 52 dizygotic twins.
  • Neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years using standardized tests (Bayley-III, MABC, WPPSI-III).

Main Results:

  • Preterm monozygotic and dizygotic twins exhibited similar neurodevelopmental outcomes across all time points.
  • No greater outcome agreement was observed in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins.
  • Discordant twins, born earlier with more morbidities, showed improved cognitive and language outcomes over time.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors appear to play a more significant role than genetics in preterm twin neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Early-life insults and environmental stressors impact development, but outcomes can improve.
  • Post-NICU interventions and home environment positively influence long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories in preterm twins.