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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
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Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Dense Connective Tissue01:13

Dense Connective Tissue

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Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Vitamin D and connective tissue diseases.

Stefano Berardi1, Liberato Giardullo2, Addolorata Corrado2

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71121, Foggia, Italy. scaraberard@gmail.com.

Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [Et Al.]
|March 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Low vitamin D levels are common in connective tissue diseases (CTD), but it remains unclear if deficiency causes or results from these autoimmune conditions. Further research is needed to clarify the vitamin D and CTD relationship.

Keywords:
Connective tissue diseasesSjogren's syndromeSystemic lupus erythematosusSystemic sclerosisVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Vitamin D, particularly its active form 1,25(OH)2D, plays a crucial role in immune system modulation.
  • Patients with autoimmune diseases, including connective tissue diseases (CTD), often exhibit lower vitamin D levels.
  • The causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the existing literature on the association between 25-OH vitamin D and connective tissue diseases (CTD).

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using PubMed.
  • Keywords included: vitamin D, connective tissue diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

Main Results:

  • Numerous studies have investigated the link between vitamin D and CTD.
  • Some evidence suggests a correlation between 25-OH vitamin D levels and CTD, but the relationship remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Current research limitations, including patient heterogeneity and varied measurement methods, prevent definitive conclusions.
  • Unequivocal evidence demonstrating a direct causal link between low vitamin D and autoimmune diseases is lacking.
  • Further high-quality studies are required to resolve conflicting findings and clarify the role of vitamin D in CTD.