Equine Coronavirus-Associated Colitis in Horses: A Retrospective Study
Debora N Mattei1, Jamie J Kopper2, Macarena G Sanz2
1Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
|March 17, 2020
Summary
Equine coronavirus (ECoV) can cause illness in individual horses, even outside of outbreaks. Recognizing ECoV symptoms like fever and diarrhea is crucial for prompt diagnosis and biosecurity.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Equine Health
Background:
- Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is recognized as a cause of illness in horses, particularly during outbreaks.
- Limited information exists regarding the clinical presentation of individual horses infected with ECoV outside of outbreak scenarios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical and clinicopathologic features of individual horses diagnosed with ECoV infection not associated with an outbreak.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records from Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (2010-2018).
- Inclusion criteria: horses >1 year old, diagnosed with colitis, positive for ECoV via real-time PCR, and negative for other enteric pathogens.
Main Results:
- Five horses met the inclusion criteria.
- Common findings included fever, anorexia, lethargy, and moderate to severe diarrhea (4/5 horses).
- Other observed issues: abnormal large colon ultrasonography (3/5), transient ventricular tachycardia (2/5), and clinicopathologic evidence of liver dysfunction (2/5).
Conclusions:
- Equine coronavirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis for individual horses presenting with anorexia, fever, lethargy, and colitis.
- Early identification of ECoV cases is essential for implementing effective biosecurity measures to prevent disease spread.
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