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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

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Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platform for H₂S Selective Conversion: Structure-Dependent Desulfurization

Xiao-Xiao Zheng¹, Zhong-Pu Fang², Zhao-Jin Dai¹

¹National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian PR China.

Inorganic Chemistry

|March 17, 2020

Summary

MIL-100(Fe) demonstrated superior performance in converting hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) to sulfur, outperforming commercial iron oxide. This study highlights Lewis acid sites as key to designing effective desulfurization catalysts.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Selective conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) to sulfur is crucial for industrial processes.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable platforms for catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate structure-activity relationships in Fe-MOFs for H₂S to sulfur conversion.
Elucidate the catalytic mechanism and identify key factors influencing performance.
Develop rational design principles for efficient desulfurization catalysts.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of three classical Fe-MOFs: MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), and MIL-53(Fe).
Physicochemical characterization using various techniques.
Catalytic testing for H₂S selective conversion.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

Fe-MOFs exhibited varying desulfurization performances based on their microstructures.
MIL-100(Fe) showed the highest catalytic activity (100% H₂S conversion, 100% S selectivity at 100-180 °C), surpassing commercial Fe₂O₃.
Performance differences correlate with the varying amounts of Lewis acid sites.

Conclusions:

The number of Lewis acid sites is the primary factor determining the catalytic efficiency of Fe-MOFs for H₂S desulfurization.
A catalytic mechanism for selective H₂S conversion over Fe-MOFs was proposed.
This research provides insights for designing advanced desulfurization catalysts.