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Viscous placebo and carbohydrate breakfasts similarly decrease appetite and increase resistance exercise performance

M N Naharudin1,2, J Adams1, H Richardson1

  • 1National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, LoughboroughLE11 3TU, UK.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-exercise nutrition, like breakfast, enhances resistance exercise performance, primarily through psychological effects rather than direct physiological changes. This suggests the perception of fuel intake significantly impacts workout capacity.

Keywords:
FastingGhrelinNocebo effectStrengthWeight training

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Nutrition
  • Nutritional Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pre-exercise nutrition is widely believed to enhance athletic performance.
  • The specific mechanisms, physiological or psychological, by which breakfast impacts resistance training are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether pre-exercise nutrition (breakfast) influences resistance exercise performance through physiological or psychological pathways.
  • To differentiate the effects of carbohydrate intake versus a placebo meal with perceived energy content.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two resistance-trained men participated in three trials: water-only (WAT), placebo meal (PLA), and carbohydrate meal (CHO).
  • Subjects consumed meals, rested for 2 hours, then performed resistance exercises (back squat, bench press) to failure.
  • Blood markers (glucose, insulin, ghrelin) and subjective hunger/fullness were measured.

Main Results:

  • Both placebo (PLA) and carbohydrate (CHO) meals significantly increased total repetitions for back squats compared to water-only (WAT).
  • Resistance exercise performance was similar between PLA and CHO conditions, suggesting a psychological effect.
  • Subjective hunger decreased and fullness increased similarly in PLA and CHO compared to WAT.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-exercise nutrition enhances resistance exercise performance, likely via psychological mechanisms, such as perceived energy availability.
  • While carbohydrate intake elicited physiological responses (e.g., increased glucose, insulin; suppressed ghrelin), these did not translate to superior performance compared to a placebo.
  • The psychological impact of consuming a meal, irrespective of significant caloric content, plays a crucial role in performance enhancement, though hunger suppression may also contribute.