SEM and molecular approaches to identify Calicophoron clavula in Saudi Arabia

In the present study, Calicophoron clavula (Paramphistomidae), a parasite of rumina of sheep and cows, was collected from Taif region, KSA, to investigate its identity and the prevalence of infection in livestock. Specific identification was mainly achieved by ITS molecular technique and surface ultrastructure was studied by SEM. Adult C. clavula is described for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The infection rate is 1% in sheep and 10% in cows. Results indicated that this species isolate was genetically identical with other C. clavula isolates where matching reach 100%. The primary sequence of the rDNA ITS2+ region of the fluke produces amplicon of 647 bp. SEM results show that no observed papillae around its genital opening. Besides, it has very few scattered small papillae around its oral region with few randomly distributed acetabular papillae. These findings were compared with the same corresponding species in other previous works of literatures.