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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Systemic therapy in pediatric-type soft-tissue sarcoma.

K M Ingley1,2, S Cohen-Gogo3, A A Gupta3,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatric Oncology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare pediatric cancers. This review focuses on chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and explores new treatments for other STS in children and adolescents.

Keywords:
Chemotherapyadolescents and young adultsayasnonrhabdomyosarcomapediatricsrhabdomyosarcomasoft-tissue sarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Medical Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) accounts for about 7% of pediatric cancers.
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type, with distinct age peaks.
  • Treatment for non-RMS STS is less established, prompting research into novel therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current chemotherapy approaches for pediatric RMS.
  • To discuss advances and challenges in systemic treatment for select non-RMS STS in pediatric and adolescent populations.
  • To advocate for a collaborative treatment strategy for pediatric and adult STS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on chemotherapy for pediatric RMS.
  • Analysis of systemic treatment options for non-RMS STS.
  • Discussion of emerging targeted agents and immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Multi-agent chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for RMS.
  • Evidence for routine chemotherapy in other pediatric STS is limited.
  • Targeted agents and immunotherapy show promise for select non-RMS STS.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy is central to pediatric RMS management.
  • Further research is needed to optimize systemic therapies for non-RMS STS.
  • A cooperative approach between pediatric and adult STS specialists is recommended.