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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

534
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
534
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

678
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
678
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
492
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

367
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
367
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

477
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
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Neuroinflammation in Bipolar Depression.

Francesco Benedetti1,2, Veronica Aggio1,3, Maria Luisa Pratesi4

  • 1Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation plays a key role in bipolar disorder (BD), with immune alterations detectable even before illness onset. These inflammatory markers may predict treatment response and disease outcomes.

Keywords:
bipolar disordercytokinesneuroimagingneuroinflammationneurotransmitters

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major cause of global disability, with unclear pathological mechanisms and often inadequate treatments.
  • Growing evidence implicates inflammation in mood disorders, with elevated peripheral proinflammatory mediators observed in BD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the link between inflammation and BD, focusing on peripheral inflammatory markers.
  • To explore connections between inflammation and other BD biomarkers.
  • To analyze challenges in BD research data interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inflammation and BD.
  • Analysis of peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory markers.
  • Examination of genetic studies and links to other BD biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory alterations in BD are stable, present before illness onset, and unaffected by current treatments.
  • Inflammation is linked to white matter microstructure, metabolism, kynurenine pathway, and circadian rhythm disruptions in BD.
  • Peripheral immune variations may predict therapeutic response and clinical outcomes in BD.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a significant factor in BD pathogenesis and progression.
  • Inflammatory markers offer potential for predicting treatment efficacy and disease trajectory.
  • Further research is needed to clarify inconsistencies and improve BD management.