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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Oral Administration of Rotenone using a Gavage and Image Analysis of Alpha-synuclein Inclusions in the Enteric Nervous System
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Current Status and Challenges in Rotigotine Delivery.

Shadab Md1,2, Shahid Karim3, Sanggetha R Saker4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotigotine, a dopamine agonist for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), offers continuous delivery via transdermal patches. Research explores novel delivery methods to improve patient administration and therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
Parkinson's Disease (PD)Rotigotinemicroemulsionmicrospheresnanoparticlestransdermal delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
  • Neuroscience
  • Dopamine Agonist Therapy

Background:

  • Rotigotine is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist used for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS).
  • Its precise mechanism of action is still under investigation.
  • Established formulations include transdermal patches (Neupro®), offering 24-hour continuous drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in rotigotine delivery systems.
  • To identify and discuss challenges associated with various rotigotine administration routes.
  • To explore future perspectives for rotigotine drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific work on rotigotine delivery.
  • Analysis of different administration routes including transdermal, intranasal, and injectable microspheres.
  • Discussion of challenges and potential solutions for oral, parenteral, and pulmonary delivery.

Main Results:

  • Transdermal rotigotine provides steady-state plasma concentrations.
  • Intranasal administration allows rapid central nervous system entry.
  • Extended-release microspheres offer an injectable formulation option.
  • Challenges persist for oral, parenteral, and pulmonary routes, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Novel rotigotine delivery systems, such as transdermal and intranasal, offer significant advantages.
  • Overcoming challenges in less invasive administration routes is crucial for patient comfort and adherence.
  • Continued research into rotigotine delivery holds promise for improved therapeutic strategies in PD and RLS.