The Morphological Relationship Between Dome-Shaped Macula and Myopic Retinoschisis: A Cross-sectional Study of 409...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of dome-shaped macula (DSM) in highly myopic eyes and its morphological relationship with myopic retinoschisis (MRS).

In this cross-sectional study, 409 eyes of 409 patients with high myopia who had spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations were included. The associations of DSM with the distribution of MRS and ocular biometry were evaluated.

Of 409 eyes, DSM was detected in 64 eyes (15.6%). The eyes with DSM were more myopic (-18.8 ± 3.9 vs. -13.4 ± 5.9; P < 0.001) and had longer axial length (31.7 ± 2.4 vs. 29.5 ± 2.5; P < 0.001) compared with those without DSM. A higher rate of extrafoveal retinoschisis (35.9% vs. 9.6%; P < 0.001) and a lower rate of foveoschisis (10.9% vs. 26.1%; P = 0.01) were detected in the eyes with DSM compared with those without DSM. In the eyes with DSM, MRS was detected in 30 eyes (46.9%). MRS predominantly affected the extrafoveal area (76.7%), especially the base of the dome (82.6%). The extrafoveal retinoschisis was most frequently distributed in the superior quadrant (52.2%). None of the eyes with DSM displayed fovea-only retinoschisis. The ratio of the height and width of the macular bulge was higher in eyes with MRS than those without MRS (0.05 vs. 0.04; P = 0.001).

A DSM is found in highly myopic eyes with a longer axial length. MRS in eyes with DSM is more likely to affect the extrafoveal area, especially the base of the dome. A steeper macular bulge is associated with the occurrence of MRS.