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Defect Engineering for Fuel-Cell Electrocatalysts.

Wei Li1, Dongdong Wang1, Yiqiong Zhang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Defect engineering enhances electrocatalysts for fuel cells by improving stability and kinetics. This strategy optimizes platinum-based catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions, paving the way for commercialization.

Keywords:
defect engineeringelectrocatalysisfuel cellsoxygen reduction reactionsmall-molecule oxidation reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Commercialization of fuel cells (e.g., proton exchange membrane, direct methanol/formic acid) is limited by poor stability, high cost, fuel crossover, and sluggish kinetics of platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts.
  • Key reactions affected include the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR)/small molecule oxidation reaction (SMOR).
  • Developing active and stable electrocatalysts is crucial for improving fuel cell performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review defect engineering strategies for enhancing electrocatalyst performance in fuel cells.
  • To explore the definition, classification, characterization, construction, and understanding of defects in electrocatalysts.
  • To summarize recent advances in defective electrocatalysts for ORR and HOR/SMOR.

Main Methods:

  • Defect engineering to modulate the electronic structure and optimize adsorption energies of intermediate species.
  • Scientific and systematic summarization of the latest advances in defective electrocatalysts.
  • Coupling experimental results with theoretical calculations to illustrate structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

  • Defect engineering significantly enhances the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts for ORR and HOR/SMOR.
  • Structure-activity relationships between defect engineering and electrocatalytic ability are elucidated.
  • Integration of defective electrocatalysts into single fuel cell systems is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Defect engineering is a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current fuel cell electrocatalysts.
  • Further research is needed on controllable preparation, in situ characterization, and commercial applications of defective electrocatalysts.
  • Understanding defect-structure-activity relationships is key to advancing fuel cell technology.