Light-Triggered Reversible Supracolloidal Self-Assembly of Precision Gold Nanoclusters

Monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters are attractive nanoscale building blocks for well-defined colloidal superstructures. However, achieving facile reversible self-assembly of nanoclusters using external stimuli is still in its infancy. Herein, we report the synthesis and photon-assisted reversible self-assembly of thiolated azobenzene-stapled Au₂₅ nanoclusters. Photoactivation of functionalized nanoclusters in dichloromethane by irradiating ultraviolet light at 345 nm results in a visual change and formation of disc-like colloidal superstructures (d ∼ 100-1000 nm). The superstructures readily disassemble into individual nanoclusters upon irradiating with visible light at 435 nm. Systematic changes in both the electronic absorption bands and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of chromophores in solution suggest that the photoisomerization of surface ligands drives the self-assembly. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron tomographic reconstruction, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray powder diffraction show that the disc-like superstructures contain densely packed nanoclusters. Long-range self-assembly and disassembly under ultraviolet and visible light, respectively, demonstrate reversible photoswitching in nanoclusters.