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Updated: Dec 26, 2025
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Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model
Published on: November 5, 2011
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Hyperbaric oxygen for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation: case report
Kanwaljeet Maken1, David K Bland1
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda California U.S.
Summary
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy may offer a novel treatment for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). This approach showed significant improvement in a pediatric patient with BK virus-associated HC.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a serious complication post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), linked to significant morbidity and mortality.
- Late-onset HC, often viral-associated (e.g., BK virus), can be refractory to standard antiviral and supportive treatments.
- Limited evidence suggests hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy may benefit refractory HC cases.
Observation:
- A 15-year-old male developed refractory HC one month post-AHSCT, associated with BK virus.
- The patient experienced persistent hematuria, acute renal failure, and required extensive supportive care, including transfusions and urinary diversion.
- Salvage hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy was initiated two months post-AHSCT.
Findings:
- Following the initiation of HBO2 therapy, the patient's transfusion requirements decreased significantly.
- Renal function improved, and macroscopic hematuria resolved.
- No adverse effects were reported during HBO2 treatment.
Implications:
- Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy presents a potential salvage treatment option for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after AHSCT.
- Further investigation into HBO2 therapy for managing complex HC cases post-transplantation is warranted.
- This approach could improve outcomes for patients with severe, treatment-resistant HC.
