Lubrication and Wear Characteristics of Mechanical Face Seals under Random Vibration Loading

The service life of mechanical face seals is related to the lubrication and wear characteristics. The stable analytical methods are commonly used, but they cannot address effects of random vibration loading, which, according to experimental studies, are important factors for lubrication and wear of mechanical face seals used in air and space vehicles. Hence, a dynamic model for mechanical face seals is proposed, with a focus on the effects of random vibration loading. The mechanical face seal in the axial direction is described as a mass-spring-damping system. Spectrum analysis specified for random vibration is then performed numerically to obtain the response power spectral density (PSD) of the mechanical face seal and calculate the root mean square (RMS) values under random vibration conditions. A lumped parameter model is then developed to examine how dynamic parameters such as stiffness and damping affect the lubrication regimes of mechanical face seals. Based on the dynamic model and Archard wear equation, a numerical wear simulation method is proposed. The results elucidated that the increase of input acceleration PSDs, the decrease of axial damping, and the increase of axial stiffness lead to the probability of the mechanical face seal operating under full film lubrication regime increase and finally the decrease of wear. This research provides a guideline for improving the adaptability of mechanical face seals under random vibration environments.