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CD8 + T-lymphocyte Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.
Larissa M Santana1, Eduardo A Valadares1, Carlos U Ferreira-Júnior2
1Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Brazil.
AIDS Reviews
|March 18, 2020
Summary
CD8+ T-lymphocyte encephalitis is a rare condition characterized by CD8+ T lymphocytes in the brain. This review analyzes its clinical, imaging, and histopathology findings, highlighting similarities to immune reconstitution syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- CD8+ T lymphocytes in perivascular spaces are noted in HIV encephalopathy.
- CD8+ T-lymphocyte encephalitis (CD8+ TLE) was first described in 2013, with subsequent case reports.
- The clinical, imaging, and histopathological features of CD8+ TLE require further characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze the clinical, MR imaging, and histopathology findings of CD8+ T-lymphocyte encephalitis.
- To consolidate existing knowledge on this rare neurological condition.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and IBECS databases up to February 3, 2018.
- Included seven articles (two case series, five case reports) involving 19 individuals.
Main Results:
- Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging revealed white matter signal alterations in all evaluated cases.
- Histopathological examination demonstrated a predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes.
- Observed findings may resemble those of inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome.
Conclusions:
- CD8+ T-lymphocyte encephalitis presents with specific MRI and histopathological characteristics.
- Distinguishing CD8+ TLE from immune reconstitution syndrome requires further investigation.
- Additional research is necessary to fully delineate CD8+ TLE and its relationship with other inflammatory conditions.
