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Trace element release from combustion ash co-disposed with municipal solid waste.

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Co-disposal of coal fly ash and municipal solid waste (MSW) with landfill leachate increases metal mobility compared to monofilling. Careful consideration of disposal scenarios is crucial for managing combustion residues.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Waste Management
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Coal fly ash and municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration ash are significant waste streams requiring proper disposal.
  • Current US regulations may promote co-disposal of coal combustion residues with unburned MSW, diverging from traditional monofill practices.
  • Both monofill and co-disposal methods are employed for MSW incineration ash in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of landfill leachate on the mobility of elements from coal fly ash and MSW incineration ash.
  • To compare element release under simulated co-disposal (leachate) versus monofill (DI water) conditions.
  • To evaluate the influence of leaching procedures (batch vs. column) on contaminant mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Column leaching tests were conducted using landfill leachate to simulate co-disposal of ash with MSW.
  • Deionized (DI) water was used in leaching tests to simulate monofill disposal conditions.
  • Batch and column tests were performed to assess the mobility of various elements, including As, B, V, Cd, and Mo.

Main Results:

  • Mobility of arsenic (As), boron (B), and vanadium (V) from coal fly ash was enhanced when leached with landfill leachate.
  • A similar trend of increased release was observed for cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) from MSW incineration ash in the presence of leachate.
  • Element release was generally greater in column tests compared to batch tests, indicating the importance of flow-through conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Co-disposal of combustion ashes with MSW in landfills can significantly enhance the mobility of potentially hazardous elements.
  • The use of landfill leachate as a leaching agent highlights increased risks associated with co-disposal compared to monofilling.
  • Long-term environmental implications of co-disposal practices must be thoroughly evaluated before implementation.