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Related Concept Videos

Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
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Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

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Actin Depolymerizing Factor Modulates Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis in Common Bean.

Yolanda Ortega-Ortega1, Janet Carrasco-Castilla2, Marco A Juárez-Verdayes3

  • 1Departamento de Biociencias y Agrobiotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada-CONACYT, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Actin depolymerization factor E (ADFE) in Phaseolus vulgaris fine-tunes rhizobial infection. Modulating ADFE levels impacts infection thread formation, nodule development, and nitrogen fixation, crucial for legume symbiosis.

Keywords:
ADFPhaseolus vulgarisactin cytoskeletonrhizobiasignalingsymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Symbiotic interactions

Background:

  • Actin cytoskeleton dynamics are vital for rhizobium-legume symbiosis.
  • Actin-binding proteins, including actin depolymerization factors (ADFs), regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements during symbiosis.
  • Nod factors from rhizobia trigger these essential cellular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of an ADF, specifically PvADFE, in the Phaseolus vulgaris-rhizobia symbiosis.
  • To understand how PvADFE expression influences rhizobial infection and nodule development.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of PvADFE expression in inoculated roots and nodules.
  • Promoter activity mapping to identify tissues involved in symbiosis.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) to silence PvADFE expression.
  • Overexpression of PvADFE to study its effects.
  • Assessment of infection thread number, nodule parameters, and nitrogen fixation activity.
  • Analysis of NIN and ENOD2 gene expression.

Main Results:

  • PvADFE showed preferential expression in inoculated tissues and specific cell types involved in nodulation.
  • Silencing PvADFE led to increased infection threads, nodule number, nitrogen fixation, and nodule size.
  • Overexpression of PvADFE resulted in decreased nodule number, nitrogen fixation, nodule size, and reduced NIN and ENOD2 transcript levels.

Conclusions:

  • PvADFE plays a regulatory role in rhizobial infection and nodule formation in Phaseolus vulgaris.
  • Transcript levels of ADFE are critical for fine-tuning the symbiotic process.
  • This study highlights ADFE as a key component in managing legume-rhizobia interactions.