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Within-island diversification in a passerine bird.

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Summary

Island birds, like the Reunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), can evolve new species within the island. This study shows that geographic and ecological factors drove divergence in Zosterops borbonicus.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Island Biogeography
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Congruent species on islands may arise from in situ divergence or multiple colonization events.
  • The Reunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus) species complex presents four geographical forms with hybrid zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that intra-island divergence explains the occurrence of Zosterops borbonicus geographical forms.
  • To reconstruct the population history and divergence patterns of Zosterops borbonicus.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide data analysis from a large population sample.
  • Population genomic and phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct population history.

Main Results:

  • The Zosterops borbonicus complex is monophyletic.
  • One lowland form is paraphyletic and basal, supporting in situ divergence.
  • Highland form evolved from lowland ancestors; lowland forms diverged via sexual selection.

Conclusions:

  • Island colonization followed by highland expansion led to Zosterops borbonicus diversification.
  • Low dispersal, geographical, and ecological opportunities facilitated divergence at a small spatial scale.
  • Sexual selection, not niche change, primarily drove divergence among lowland forms.