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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

5.0K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
5.0K
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

1.3K
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
11.3K
Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

Instrumentation Amplifier

944
An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...
944
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

918
Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
918
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

11.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise
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Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise

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[CME ECC 65: The Athlete's ECG].

Susanne Markendorf1, Christian M Schmied1, Corinna B Brunckhorst1

  • 1Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Kardiologie.

Praxis
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive athletic training causes heart changes detectable on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The Seattle Criteria help physicians differentiate normal athlete ECG findings from abnormalities.

Keywords:
Athlete's ECGEarly RepolarisationSeattle CriteriaSportler-EKGearly repolarisation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Intensive athletic training induces cardiac adaptations, including increased vagal tone and hypertrophy.
  • These physiological changes manifest in an athlete's electrocardiogram (ECG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the Seattle Criteria for interpreting ECGs in athletes.
  • To aid physicians in distinguishing normal training adaptations from pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes.
  • Focus on specific ECG findings common in trained individuals.

Main Results:

  • Athletes commonly exhibit sinus bradycardia (30-60 bpm) and respiratory arrhythmia.
  • Junctional rhythm and early repolarization are also frequently observed and often physiological.
  • The Seattle Criteria provide guidelines for evaluating these findings.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the Seattle Criteria is crucial for accurate ECG interpretation in athletes.
  • Physiological cardiac adaptations in athletes can present unique ECG patterns that require expert evaluation.