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Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence01:17

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

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Body:Bioequivalence studies are crucial in evaluating whether new drugs can match an approved one regarding pharmacological effects and clinical performance. These studies test if drugs, despite different dosage forms, share identical plasma concentration-time profiles. Three types of equivalence are central to these studies: chemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic. Chemical equivalence indicates that two or more drug products contain identical active ingredients in equal amounts.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Preventive medicine's equivalence problem.

Paul Jung1, Boris D Lushniak2

  • 1Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, United States of America.

Preventive Medicine
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventive medicine residency programs in the U.S. are declining and underfilled. Proposed solutions include specialized training and degree changes to strengthen the specialty.

Keywords:
Graduate medical educationPreventive medicinePublic healthResidencyTraining

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical Education
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • U.S. preventive medicine residency programs have seen a 17% decline since 2000.
  • Current programs are, on average, half-empty, indicating a potential crisis in specialty training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the current structure of U.S. preventive medicine residency training.
  • To identify factors contributing to the decline and underfilling of these programs.
  • To propose strategies for strengthening the specialty.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the current structure of preventive medicine residency training.
  • Identification of non-specialty-specific requirements (e.g., clinical year, MPH, practicum).
  • Proposal of structural and curricular reforms.

Main Results:

  • The specialty faces vulnerability due to undifferentiated training requirements.
  • Lack of unique distinguishing features makes it susceptible to equivalence with other specialties.
  • Significant decline and underfilling of residency programs observed.

Conclusions:

  • The current structure of preventive medicine residency training requires significant reform.
  • Proposed strategies include a dedicated clinical year, a specialized public health degree, and specific practicum rotations.
  • These changes aim to enhance the distinctiveness and attractiveness of the preventive medicine specialty.