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Fiscal Incidence in Ghana
Stephen D Younger1, Eric Osei-Assibey2, Felix Oppong3
1Department of Economics Ithaca College Ithaca NY 14850 USA.
Review of Development Economics
|March 19, 2020
Summary
Ghana's fiscal policies have a limited impact on poverty and inequality. Reallocating energy subsidies to targeted transfers could reduce deficits, inequality, and protect the poor.
Area of Science:
- Economics
- Public Policy
- Development Studies
Background:
- Ghana faces challenges in poverty reduction and inequality despite government fiscal interventions.
- Understanding the distributional impact of taxation, social spending, and subsidies is crucial for effective policy design.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effects of Ghana's government taxation, social spending, and indirect subsidies on poverty and inequality.
- To simulate policy reforms and evaluate their distributional consequences.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing methods from the Commitment to Equity Institute.
- Analyzing fiscal redistribution, poverty, and inequality metrics.
- Simulating policy reforms for distributional impact assessment.
Main Results:
- Ghana's fiscal redistribution is currently limited, though taxes are progressive and expenditures are somewhat targeted.
- Excluding in-kind benefits from health and education, government fiscal actions could increase poverty.
- Energy subsidies represent a significant fiscal burden with regressive effects.
Conclusions:
- Reforming energy subsidies and reallocating savings to targeted transfers can decrease the fiscal deficit.
- Such reforms can simultaneously reduce inequality and enhance the protection of vulnerable populations in Ghana.
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