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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
1.5K
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

1.3K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
1.3K
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

8.0K
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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A portable multiple ionization source biological mass spectrometer.

Jung-Lee Lin1, Ming-Lee Chu2, Chung-Hsuan Chen1

  • 1Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. winstnchen@gate.sinica.edu.tw.

The Analyst
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a portable mass spectrometer combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) for biomolecule analysis. The device operates efficiently with reduced vacuum and air as buffer gas, achieving a wide mass-to-charge ratio range.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Traditional mass spectrometry for large biomolecules often requires separate instruments for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI).
  • Existing systems can be bulky, require high vacuum, and necessitate specialized gases, limiting portability and operational simplicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single, portable mass spectrometer capable of performing both MALDI and ESI.
  • To enhance the mass detection range and operational efficiency for analyzing large biomolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated MALDI and ESI capabilities within a single mass spectrometer, sharing the mass analyzer and detector.
  • Operated the instrument under low vacuum (∼10-3 Torr) using air as the buffer gas, supported by a scroll and miniature turbo pump.
  • Employed frequency scanning for mass spectra acquisition and coupled a conversion dynode with a channeltron for enhanced detection.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated multiple ionization capabilities (MALDI and ESI) in one portable unit.
  • Achieved a wide mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range (>100,000) for biomolecules, comparable to commercial linear time-of-flight systems.
  • Analyzed various biomolecules (angiotensin, insulin, cytochrome C, BSA, IgG, IgA) with concentrations from 5 fmol to 100 pmol and mass resolutions of 30-260.

Conclusions:

  • The developed portable mass spectrometer offers versatility and efficiency for large biomolecule analysis.
  • Reduced operational demands (low vacuum, air buffer gas) enhance accessibility and reduce cost.
  • The instrument's wide mass range and sensitivity make it suitable for diverse biological applications.