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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
852

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

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Hepatitis B vaccine development and implementation.

Hong Zhao1, Xiaoying Zhou2, Yi-Hua Zhou3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B vaccination is key to controlling HBV infection, significantly reducing HBsAg prevalence in children. Continued efforts are needed to address implementation challenges for optimal global vaccination coverage.

Keywords:
HBsAg prevalenceHepatitis B vaccineuniversal vaccination program

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination is the primary strategy for controlling Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection.
  • Early vaccines were plasma-derived, while modern vaccines utilize recombinant DNA technology.
  • A three-dose vaccination regimen provides over 30 years of protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination programs.
  • To highlight the impact of vaccination on global HBV prevalence.
  • To identify challenges in achieving optimal vaccination coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical vaccine development (plasma-derived to recombinant).
  • Analysis of vaccination impact on global Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in children.
  • Assessment of mother-to-child transmission reduction strategies.
  • Evaluation of universal hepatitis B vaccination program adoption and implementation.

Main Results:

  • Universal hepatitis B vaccination programs adopted by 189 countries by 2018.
  • Global HBsAg prevalence in children under 5 decreased from 4.7% (prevaccine) to 1.3% (2015).
  • Concurrent use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine significantly reduced mother-to-child transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination has dramatically reduced childhood HBV infection globally.
  • Suboptimal implementation and lack of routine birth doses in some regions hinder progress.
  • Overcoming socio-economic challenges is crucial for achieving optimal worldwide universal hepatitis B vaccination.