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Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Mouse Fetal Whole Intestine Culture System for Ex Vivo Manipulation of Signaling Pathways and Three-dimensional Live Imaging of Villus Development
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Stem Cell Signaling Pathways in the Small Intestine.

Toshio Takahashi1, Akira Shiraishi1

  • 1Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stem cells divide and differentiate for tissue repair, guided by local and long-range signals. Organoid models reveal how stem cell niches regulate this crucial process.

Keywords:
Eph receptorHippo signalingNotch-Delta signalingWntacetylcholine (ACh)ephrinintestinal stem cell (ISC)organoid

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

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Generation, Maintenance, and Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Intestinal and Colonic Organoids
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for tissue repair and homeostasis, requiring precise regulation of division and differentiation.
  • Cellular communication, including local intercellular signaling and diffusible molecules, dictates stem cell fate.
  • Understanding stem cell niches is key to comprehending tissue development and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms governing stem cell differentiation.
  • To investigate the role of intercellular signaling in spatial and temporal control of cell fate.
  • To leverage organoid models for studying stem cell behavior in niche environments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in response to signaling cues.
  • Utilizing diffusible signaling molecules to induce specific cell types.
  • Employing cell-cell contact-dependent signaling assays.
  • Culturing and analyzing organoids derived from various tissues, including the small intestine.

Main Results:

  • Local signaling pathways were identified that mediate and maintain stem cell differentiation.
  • Concentration-dependent effects of diffusible molecules were observed in patterning cell types.
  • Cell-cell contact signaling was shown to be essential for differentiation of adjacent cells.
  • Organoid cultures successfully recapitulated key features of stem cell niches.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of local and long-range signaling orchestrates stem cell differentiation for tissue homeostasis.
  • Organoid technology provides valuable insights into the complex interactions within stem cell niches.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can advance regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.