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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

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Lymphatics in bone arise from pre-existing lymphatics.

Marco Monroy1, Anna L McCarter1, Devon Hominick1

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bone lymphatic endothelial cells (bLECs) originate from pre-existing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Rapamycin effectively inhibits the growth of these abnormal bone lymphatics in generalized lymphatic anomaly and Gorham-Stout disease models.

Keywords:
Generalized lymphatic anomalyGorham-Stout diseasePIK3CARapamycinVEGF-C

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Blocking Lymph Flow by Suturing Afferent Lymphatic Vessels in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Bone Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bones typically lack lymphatic vessels.
  • Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) and Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) are characterized by abnormal bone lymphatics.
  • The cellular origin and developmental process of bone lymphatics remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular origin of bone lymphatic endothelial cells (bLECs).
  • To characterize the developmental process of bone lymphatics in mouse models of GLA and GSD.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for suppressing aberrant bone lymphatic growth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models of GLA and GSD.
  • Performed lineage-tracing experiments using Prox1-positive cells.
  • Analyzed the role of osteoclasts in bone lymphatic development.
  • Assessed the effect of rapamycin on bone lymphatic growth.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that bLECs originate from pre-existing Prox1-positive LECs.
  • Characterized bone lymphatic development as a stepwise process: growth, periosteal breaching, and bone invasion.
  • Showed that bone lymphatic development is impaired in osteoclast-deficient mice.
  • Confirmed that rapamycin suppresses bone lymphatic growth in GLA and GSD models.

Conclusions:

  • bLECs arise from pre-existing LECs, clarifying their cellular origin.
  • Bone lymphatic development follows a defined, multi-step pathway.
  • Osteoclasts play a role in bone lymphatic development.
  • Rapamycin presents a potential therapeutic strategy for managing abnormal bone lymphatics in GLA and GSD.