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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

434
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

751
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
751
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

480
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
480
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

817
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
817
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

852
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis
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Towards new TB vaccines.

Benedict Brazier1, Helen McShane2

  • 1The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new tuberculosis vaccines is crucial as the current BCG vaccine offers limited protection. Understanding the complex immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is key to identifying effective vaccine targets and improving global health outcomes.

Keywords:
AdaptiveBCGImmunityInnateTuberculosisVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is a leading cause of infectious disease deaths globally.
  • The current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine provides insufficient protection against tuberculosis (TB).
  • Identifying immunological correlates of protection is a major hurdle in TB vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the immunology of M. tuberculosis infection.
  • To explore potential targets for novel TB vaccine development.
  • To analyze the immune response across innate, adaptive, mucosal, and humoral systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunological responses to M. tuberculosis.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for vaccine candidates.
  • Evaluation of immune correlates of protection.

Main Results:

  • The MVA85A vaccine candidate did not show improved protection over BCG alone in a large clinical trial.
  • The trial provided insights into correlates of protection against TB.
  • Other candidate vaccines (VPM1002, M72/ASO1E, H56:IC31) show promising results.

Conclusions:

  • Despite setbacks, ongoing research into TB vaccine immunology offers hope for future vaccine development.
  • Understanding immune responses is critical for designing effective vaccines against M. tuberculosis.
  • Promising candidate vaccines suggest progress in the field of TB vaccinology.