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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

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Primary CNS lymphoma initially diagnosed as vasculitis.

Lauren Feldman1, Yuebing Li1, Daniel Ontaneda1

  • 1Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH.

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Summary

Diagnosing primary CNS vasculitis can be challenging. This study highlights two cases misdiagnosed, emphasizing the importance of considering primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in difficult cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Brain biopsy can reveal a vasculitic pattern of injury.
  • This pattern is associated with numerous primary or secondary disorders, posing diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze challenging cases of suspected primary CNS vasculitis.
  • To improve the recognition and diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients.
  • Review of clinical presentation and histopathologic findings.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Two patients initially diagnosed with primary CNS vasculitis showed poor treatment response.
  • A second biopsy in both cases revealed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).

Conclusions:

  • Diagnostic challenges in CNS vasculitis can obscure PCNSL.
  • Increased recognition of PCNSL in challenging cases can improve patient outcomes.