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Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Itis-Ending Adverse Reactions and More

Moataz Ellithi1, Radowan Elnair2, Guy Vin Chang3

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, USA.

Cureus
|March 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer improved cancer survival but can cause toxicities. This review simplifies recognizing and managing these immune-related adverse events, crucial for patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, improving outcomes for diseases like malignant melanoma.
  • Despite their efficacy, ICIs are associated with significant immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
  • The increasing use of ICIs necessitates a better understanding of their toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a simplified approach to recognizing and managing common ICI-induced immune-related adverse events.
  • To raise awareness of potential toxicities associated with ICI therapy.
  • To highlight the need for long-term data on irAEs and their impact on survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Discussion of current standards of care for managing irAEs, including immunosuppression and therapy discontinuation.
  • Emphasis on the need for shared decision-making between oncologists and patients regarding treatment modifications.

Main Results:

  • ICI therapy has led to improved survival and quality of life for cancer patients.
  • Toxicities from ICIs are increasingly recognized in clinical practice.
  • Standard management involves immunosuppression, with decisions to stop therapy requiring careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a major advancement in cancer therapy.
  • Effective management of irAEs is critical for optimizing patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to characterize long-term adverse effects and inform treatment decisions.
Keywords:
adverse reactionsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune mediated side effectsipilimumabnivolumab

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