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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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Healthy low nitrogen footprint diets.

João Costa Leite1,2,3, Sandra Caldeira3, Bernhard Watzl4

  • 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.

Global Food Security
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Transitioning to plant-based diets benefits the environment and nitrogen cycle. Well-planned vegetarian diets are healthy and nutritious, requiring updated food-based dietary guidelines for public health and sustainability.

Keywords:
Food systemsFood-based dietary guidelinesHealthNitrogen footprintVegetarian diet

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Food systems significantly impact the environment, particularly the nitrogen cycle.
  • Dietary shifts towards plant-based patterns offer environmental benefits but must align with nutritional needs.
  • Vegetarian and vegan diets are increasingly popular, necessitating an evaluation of their health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the health aspects of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns.
  • To explore the role of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in promoting sustainable and healthy diets.
  • To assess the compatibility of plant-based diets with healthy nutrition and environmental sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review analyzing existing studies on vegetarian and vegan diets.
  • Assessment of nutritional adequacy and health outcomes associated with plant-based eating patterns.
  • Examination of current FBDGs and their potential for incorporating environmental considerations.

Main Results:

  • Well-planned vegetarian diets are identified as nutritious and healthy.
  • Plant-based dietary shifts can reduce the environmental burden of food systems, including nitrogen cycle impacts.
  • Current FBDGs may not fully integrate environmental sustainability or provide sufficient practical guidance.

Conclusions:

  • Balanced vegetarian diets are suitable for promoting health.
  • Updated FBDGs are crucial for guiding public health within planetary boundaries.
  • Policies promoting diets aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals require robust FBDGs.