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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

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Development of AD-Like Pathology in Skeletal Muscle.

X Chen1, N M Miller1, Z Afghah1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, USA.

Journal of Parkinson'S Disease and Alzheimer'S Disease
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseAmyloid betaPhosphorylated tauSkeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis lacks precision, relying on postmortem confirmation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau tangles.
  • Current biomarkers do not reliably predict AD's clinical progression, necessitating novel diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • AD is increasingly viewed as a systemic disease, with pathological hallmarks potentially manifesting in peripheral tissues before significant brain pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of skeletal muscle as a biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease detection.
  • To investigate the presence and significance of AD-related pathology, specifically Aβ accumulation and phosphorylated tau, in skeletal muscle.
  • To evaluate skeletal muscle biopsy as a minimally invasive diagnostic approach for Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Alzheimer's disease pathology in peripheral tissues.
  • Discussion of the potential for detecting amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau in skeletal muscle biopsies.
  • Analysis of the implications of systemic factors affecting peripheral tissues in early AD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, including Aβ accumulation and phosphorylated tau, are detectable in peripheral tissues.
  • Skeletal muscle, lacking blood-brain barrier protection, may exhibit AD-like pathology earlier than central nervous system tissues.
  • Skeletal muscle biopsy presents a potential avenue for identifying early AD indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle biopsy shows promise as a novel biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.
  • Investigating peripheral AD pathology in skeletal muscle could lead to improved diagnostic strategies and therapeutic development.
  • Recognizing Alzheimer's disease as a systemic condition opens new possibilities for early detection and intervention.