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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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The Exposome in Toxicologic Pathology.

Brad Bolon1, Wanda M Haschek2

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The exposome, an individual's lifetime chemical exposures, influences toxicity testing. Understanding diverse human exposomes is crucial for accurate toxicity data translation from controlled animal studies.

Keywords:
adverse outcome pathwayschemical mixturesexposomereview

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • The exposome encompasses all chemical exposures an individual encounters from conception.
  • It includes environmental, lifestyle, and internal biological factors.
  • Animal toxicity testing often uses controlled conditions to standardize exposomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of the exposome concept in toxicology.
  • To explain how differences in exposomes affect animal study outcomes.
  • To discuss the limitations of translating animal toxicity data to human populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the exposome concept and its components.
  • Analysis of the exposome's role in laboratory animal studies.
  • Comparison of controlled animal exposomes with complex human exposomes.

Main Results:

  • Laboratory animals share common exposure histories, creating quasi-identical exposomes.
  • Individual differences in responsiveness to toxicants can stem from subtle exposome variations.
  • Animal models provide only approximate guidance for human health due to divergent exposomes.

Conclusions:

  • Toxicologic pathologists must consider individual exposome differences in animal studies.
  • The translation of toxicity data from animals to humans is limited by differing exposomes.
  • Accurate risk assessment requires acknowledging the complexity and variability of human exposomes.