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Micromechanisms of Cortical Bone Failure Under Different Loading Conditions.
N K Sharma1, Swati Sharma2, Apoorv Rathi3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|March 20, 2020
Summary
Bone
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Mechanics of Materials
- Orthopedic Research
Background:
- Bone exhibits a hierarchical structure from macro- to nanoscale.
- Material properties arise from component arrangement and fiber-matrix bonding.
- Understanding bone failure micromechanisms is crucial for biomechanics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the micromechanisms of cortical bone failure under various loading conditions.
- To analyze the influence of loading direction (longitudinal and transverse) and type (tensile and compressive) on bone mechanical properties.
- To correlate bone microstructure with its observed mechanical response and explain atypical compressive behavior.
Main Methods:
- Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine bone failure.
- Conducted experimental mechanical tests on bone diaphysis samples.
- Applied tensile and compressive loads in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
Main Results:
- Bone material demonstrated maximum stiffness under longitudinal tensile loading.
- Maximum strength was observed under transverse compressive loading.
- A reversed trend in compressive mechanical properties was noted compared to prior studies.
Conclusions:
- Cortical bone exhibits distinct failure micromechanisms dependent on loading conditions.
- The study identified specific loading scenarios yielding maximum stiffness and strength.
- Observed atypical compressive behavior necessitates further investigation into bone's mechanical response and microstructure correlation.
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