[Update: Renal Replacement Therapy]

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains the cornerstone of treatment for severe acute kidney injury. However, despite its spreading use along with rising incidences of acute kidney injury, evidence of most recommendations is limited so far. Early initiation of RRT seems to reduce mortality but is associated with higher incidence of adverse events. Continuous RRT is advantageous in terms of hemodynamic control and decreased incidence of chronic dialysis dependency but without affecting mortality. Regional citrate anticoagulation should be preferred with regard to longer filter circuit life span. Intensified RRT with a prescribed dose ≥ 35 mL/kg/h has no benefit with regard to mortality but is associated with higher occurrence of complications. Urine output has the best prognostic value for cessation of RRT. Biomarkers of renal impairment and recovery are needed for better guidance of therapy.